Computing machine



Nov. 25, 1930.

H. AFOOITHORAP COMPUTING MACHINE Filed Aug. 24. 1921 l2. Sheets-Sheet l /Awza Nov.'25, 1930. H. A. FooTHoRAP COMPUTING MACHINE Filed Aug. 24, 1921 l2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Qms@ .K

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NV. 25, 1930. H, A FOOTHQRAP 1,782,757

COMPUTING MACHINE Filed Aug. 24. 1921 l2 Sheets-Sheet ao: n c gl Nom 25, 1930. H. A. FOOTHORAP 1,782,757

COMPUTING MACHINE Filed Aug.- 24. 1921 l2 Sheets-Sheet 4 (jh/veniva) f @g1g atboznm 250W/ga.

NQV- 25, 1930- HivA. Foo'THoRAP COMPUTING MACHINE Filed Aug. 24. 19.21 12 ShtS-:Shfi 5' *N0* ,25, 1930- H. A. FOTHQRAP 1,782,757

COMPUTING MACHINE Filed Aug. M, 1921 l2 Sheets-Sheet 6 NOV. .25, 1.1930. H A FQOTHURAP 1,782,757

COMPUTING MACHINE Filed Aug. 24. 1921 1.2 Sheets-Sheet 7 Nov. 25, 1936a H. A. FQOTHORAP COMPUTING MACHINE Filed Aug. 24. 1921 l2 Sheets-Sheet 8 Nov. 25, 1930. a H. A. Fo'oTHoRAP COMPUTING MACHINE l2 Sheets-.Sheet 9 Filed Aug. 24. 1921 Nov. 25, 1930. H. A. FooTHoR-AP COMPUTING MACHINE Filed Aug. 24. 1921 12 Sheets-Sheet l0 NW 25, 1930- H. A. FooTHoRAP COMPUTING MACHINE Filed Aug. 24. i921 l2 Sheets-Sheet ll Nov. 25, 1930. H. A. FooTHoRAP COMPUTI NG MACHINE Filed Aug. 24. 1921 l2 Sheets-Sheet 12 Patented Nov. 25, 193() UNE'' STATES HARRY ARTHUR FOOTHORAP, OF HARRISBURG, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIEGNOR TO ELLIOTT-FSHER CGMPANY, A CORPORATION GF DELAWAE cor/reunite MAoHINE Application filed August 24, 1921.v Serial No. 494,942.

This invention relates to an improved reccrding and computing machine and, more particularly, to what is known as a writing adding machine.

The primary object of the invention is to provide a machine of this character which will necessarily produce distinctive record proof of every machine operation, whether proper or improper, which could, by any possibility ailiect the correctness of the computation.

Otherwise expressed, the primary object of the invention, is to provide a visual audit, or proof sheet which will with certainty reveal the character of every machine operation involved in the making of the record, to the end that the mere examination of the record will with certainty reveal an error and disclose the exact character of the erroneous operation involved in producing the record.

To the attainment of the stated object, the invention in its primary aspect comprehends the provision of distinctive recording means for every distinct character of operation in volved in the production of a record, so that the record cannot be produced by the operation of the machine wit-hout furnishing record proof of every operation performed, whether rightly or wrongly, and thereby furg accurate and reliable evidence for an mei instant audit of the machine operations involved in its production.

Other objects of the. invention and the means of their attainment will appear hereinafter.

1n the accompanying drawings:

Figure 1 is a plan view of an Elliott-Fisher billing machine constructed in accordance with my invention, the platen and associated parte being omitted.

Figure 2 is a view, on a somewhat enlarged scale, of the actuating mechanism of the crossfooter.

Figure 3 is a perspective view of the red ribbon key and the mechanism associated therewith.

Figure 3a is a. detailed sectional view showing the mounting of the ribbon shifter.

Figure i is a perspective view of the subtraction key and associated parts with the trip in position to shift a type head.

Figure 5 is a detailed sectional view showing the relation of the cam members operated by the red ribbon key and the substraction key, to the shaft 13.

Figure 6 is a longitudinal sectional view of the carriage with the red ribbon key depressed for the printing of the total.

Figure 7 is a detailed view of the indicator.

Figure 8 is a view similar' to Figure 6 with the subtraction key depressed.

Figure 9 is a` view similar to Figure 7 with the indicator in a different position.

Figure 10 is a sectional view showing, more particularly, the additional key for throwing in the 9s and the connection between said key and the recording and computing mechanisms.

Figure 11 is a view similar to Figure 10, but showing the key for throwing in the 1 and its connections.

Figure 12 is a view of each of the keys of the several classes concerned in the operation of subtraction, together with a display of the characters printed by said keys in normal position and the characters printed thereby when the subtraction key has been rst depressed.

Figure 13 is a side elevation of the crossfooter.

Figure 14 is a rear elevation of the crossfooter with the casing indicated in dotted lines.

Figures 15 and 16 are elevations of crossfo-oter details.

Figure 17 is a plan view of the control bar and its associated devices.

Figure 18 is a front elevation of the same.

Figure 19 is a. transverse section through the control bar and showing the parts associa-ted therewith in elevation.

Figure 20 is a detailed elevation of one of the control bar adjusting eccentrics.

Figure 21 is a sectional view of the subject-matter of Figure 20.

Figure 22 is a detailed sectional view of one end of the register supporting bar.

The machine to the improvement of which the present invention is more particularly directed is the well known Elliott-Fisher billing machine of commerce. This machine is a ltlll Yso flat platen typewriter equipped with computing mechanism. The keys are operated one at a time to record a computati-on on a work sheet supported in fiat spread-out condition on the platen, and as the record is made the computation Vis effected by computing mechanism under the control of the keys.

The computing mechanism is capable of both addition and subtraction. The subtraction is accomplished by the wellknown method of complemental addition. This character of subtraction comprehends a special manipulation of the machine because, as is well understood, a series of prerequisites'must be observed. First, nine must be added in each denominational position to the left of the highest active digit in order that the excess incident to the carrying operation will be carried beyond the capacity of the register and lost. Second, as the subtrahend is printed, the corresponding denominational members of the register must receive the value not of the digits printed, but of the complements thereof. Third, the value of l must bev addedto the valuel of the last active digit ofA the complement of the subtrahendin the same ydenomination as such active ldigit occurs; and, fourth, ciphers must be thrown in to the right lof the last active numeral without affecting the computing mechanism.

In order that the somewhat extraordinary accomplishmentof the present invention may be clearly appreciated, attention is directed to the impossibility, under ordinary condi-V tions, of determining` from the printed record whether or not these various operations have been correctly performed at the proper time. VFirst, the throwing in of the 9s produces no record evidence of the operation because this is merely a prerequisite toV subtraction by complemental addition and has no place or value in the record of the subtraction. That is to say, .these 9s are not in any sense a part of the subtrahend and therefore do not appear on the work sheet. It is usual, therefore, to throw in these 9Vs by means of a supplemental key which operates the computing mechanism, but does not 'record the digits. If, therefore, the 9 keyis not 4operated t-o throw in the 9s at the proper time and the remaindery is therefore .erroneousto the extent of the excess unit at the left of the remainder, there is nothing on the record sheet .to show that an error has occurredv by the failure of the operator to throw in the 9s.

Second, it is usual to provide the numeral keys and the type bars operated thereby with a series of digits and a series of complements in lower and upper case positions. F or addition, the keys selected in accordancewith the normal digits both print and add the same value and the Vrecord is black or red accordingly as the items are debit or credit. In subtraction, the keys are selected with reference to their complementary digits and the upper case or corresponding digits are printed while the complementsof such digits are added by the computing mechanism. The record of this operation is usually printed in red, but

it will be observed that as the distinctive color A computation and therefore should not appear such on the record, as it would if the digit should he printed as this value is thrown into theV adding mechanism. Another reason for eliminating the printing of this unit value is thatit would occur in the same denomination as the last active digit of the subtrahend and would therefore be printed over said last digit. Notwithstanding these good reasons for'not printing lV as it is thrown in, itis nevertheless true that therecord bears no indication of whether or not this operation of throwing in the l has actually been perfor-med. Obviously, if it has been omitted, the remainder will be inaccurate without means of detecting the error.V

Fourth, the printing of the ciphers after the last active digit in the subtrahend is of itself no sufficient evidence that the operation has been performed correctly and has Vnot contributed an error to the computation. rlhe reason for this is that in this class of machines there are usually three ways in which a cipher can be printed.V First, by the operation of the O` or cipher key of the numeral bank which in no way affects the computing mechanism. Second, by operating thel 9 key of the numeral bank with the case shift depressed so that while the cipher is printed the value of its complement, or 9, will be accumulated by the Vcomputing mechanism.

Third, by the operation of the O key of the lett-er keyboard.

in the operation of subtraction, it is material in what way the cipher is printed because, in printing a cipher in the minuend, there must be no operation of the adding mechanism. In printing a cipher in the sub-` trahend between two active digits, as for instance, in printing $20.55, the computing mechanism must be operatedV to accumulate the value of 9 which is the complement of the cipher. In printing one or more ciphers at the right of the last active digit of the subtrahend, there must be no operation of the computing mechanism. Obviously, therefore, the mere presence of ciphers in an example of subtraction at the places where the Os or ciphers should appear, is no evidence that they were printed without error, since it is obvious that a cipher may have been printed between digits of the subtrahend without having accumulated the value of its complement in the computing mechanism, or the ciphers to the right of the last digit may have 5 been printed and the values of their complements improperly accumulated. In either case, the record would reveal no error, but the remainder, as indicated by the computing mechanism, will be entirely wrong.

The object of the invention in its general concept is to cause every essential operation of the machine which can effect the correctness of the computation to so modify the record as to provide a visual audit of the entire machine operation by indicating not only whether or not each necessary operation has been performed, but also whether or not it has been performed correctly or incorrectly.

Proceeding now to a general description of the machine, 1 indicates a line space frame sie which is movable longitudinally over a flat platen (not shown) to line space the writing on the work sheet supported in flat spreadout condition on the platen. Mounted to travel on the frame 1 in the direction of letter spacing, is a carriage 2 upon which is mounted the usual printing mechanism which includes letter keys 8, numeral keys 4, type arms 5 and the usual intermediate connections 6. rl`he arms 5 connected with the numeral keys have shifting type heads 7, carrying types 8 and 9 in upper and lower position, the normally printing or upper position types being the digits 0 to 9 inclusive, and

the lower or shifted position types being the complements of the upper types and ranging from 9 to O inclusive. The shifting type heads 7 are provided with tripping fingers 10 which, during the descent of the bars to print, engage a trip 11 in the form of a disk. The trip 11 normally occupies an elevated position in non-interfering relation with the fingers 10 as the bars are operated to print the normal or upper characters. The trip 11 is mounted, however, for vertical movement into and out of active position and when depressed is so located (see Fig. 4) that it will interfere with the linger 10 of a descending bar and shift the type head to bring lo the lower or complemental type into printing position. The trip 11 is carried to the end of an arm 12 extended from a rock shaft 18 having suitable bearings in the carriage.

The machine also embodies ribbon mechanism which supports, feeds and vibrates a bichrome ribbon, the stripes of which are preferably black and red. Except as will be pointed out, this ribbon mechanism is of usual form, as disclosed in my Patent No. 1,286,57 8 of Dec. 8, 1918, and in my copending application No. 484,248. rlhe principal variation over the application' structure is inthe mechanism for controlling the depression of the trip 11 and for operating the i slide shifting arm of the ribbon mechanism.

The slide shifting arm 14 which, as is well understood, controls the throw of the ribbon and thus determines whether the red or black stripe thereof will be presented at the printing point, is clearly shown in Figures 8 and 4. Loosely fulcrumed on the shaft 18 and extended rearwardly therefrom is an arm 15 connected by a link 16 with the rear end of the slide shifting arm 14 which is fulcrumed at 17. Associated with the arm 15 is a cam 18 adapted to be engaged by a roller 19 on a red ribbon lever 2O fulcrumed at its rear end and provided at its front end with a red ribbon key 21. YWhen the key 21 is depressed, the roller 19 coacting with the cam 18 will swing the cam to elevate the arm 15 and thus swing the slide shifter 14 to organize the ribbon mechanism for the presentation of the red stripe of the ribbon at the printing point. Adjacent to the key 21, the lever 2O is provided with a pin 22 engaged by a key lock 28. The key lock 28 is fulcrumed at its lower end on a stud adjustably retained by a slotted bracket 25. At its opposite end the lock 28 is provided with a linger piece or key 26 below which is a cam 27 constituting the upper edge of a beak 28 disposed above a stop 29. When the red key lever is depressed, the pin 22 engaging the cam 27 forces the lock 28 backward until the pin 22 dropping from the cam is arrested by the stop 29 and the lock is drawn forward to present the beak over the pin 22 by a spring 80. lt will thus be seen that the locking action is automatic and in order to unlock the key, it is merely necessary to move the finger rearwardly over 'the red ribbon key until the lock is pushed back suliiciently to allow the key to rise.

rhe mechanism just described makes it possible to print in red when desired as, for instance, in printing credit items which are added, as usual, without shiftingl the type or otherwise varying the norinal operation which contemplates the printing of items in black and the accumulation of the same items by the computing mechanism. ln subtraction, by addition, however, the complementary types are employed, therefore necessitating a case shift and it is usual in subtraction to print the items in red. Heretofore, this has been done by separately operating the case shift and the ribbon shift, and in my copending application before mentioned, automatic mechanism is disclosed for operating both the case shift and the ribbon shift. ln the present machine, however, -I employ in addition to the red ribbon key described, a second key known as the subtraction key 81 carried et the front end of a subtraction key lever 82 provided with a roller 88 coacting with a cam 84, to the cam 18, associated with an arm disposed parallel with the arm 15. Unlike the cam 18 and arm 15, which swing loosely from similar i by the rocking of the shaft 13.

i Laser/57A the shaft 13, the cain 34 and arm 35 are fixed to the shaft 13 so that upon the depression of the subtraction. key 3l, the cam 34 will be moved forward to accomplish two results First, the depression of the arm l2 and trip 1l into active position; and, second, the elevation f the arm 35 to sliifttlie ribbon to the red position. rElie connection responsible for the latterV result is in the form of alug 36 projecting from the arm and underlying` the arm l5. lt will thus appear that while the red ribbon lever may be depressed without in any way affecting the case shift, since the arm 15 will rise away from the lug 36, the depression of the subtraction key will necessarily resultin both a case and ribbon shift- Vby a single operation.

Returning now tothe general description after having,` digressed at a'convenient point to describe the new method of case and ribbon control, it may be said that the machinev in chicles in its organization the various appui--V ltcnances of a typewriter', such, for instance,

correspending` to the values of the digits.

l.'"Vhen the limit of value of each denomination is reached, such value is transferred to the wheel of next highest order as a single unit of that denominational value. The number wheels are operated by a master wheel l0 mounted on and movable with the carriage and connected to the keys by means of what are known as differential connections which transmit to the master wheel a rotary movement corresponding in extent to the value of the particular numeral key operated. ln some forms of the Elliott-Fisher billing machine, the shaft 4l Vof the master wheel i oractuator() is extended to one end of the y sheet which will bear unmistakable evidence of the operations performed or omitted and disclose not only errors of omission and commission, but reveal with certainty the exact nat-ure of the errors and the points at which they were committed. In the first place, (see Fig. l2), the coinpleniental types 43 are of distinctive character, so that an item printed by the use of the complemental characters are clearly distinguishabler from the normal dig-V its. rlhus, a glance at the vsubtrahend of an example in subtraction will show conclusively whether or notV the subtraction key had been operated to change the case. VQuick s inspection is also facilitated by the Vfact that the operation of thefsubtraction key toibiing` the complements into actionalso caused the record to be printed in red. ThediStinguisliing color, however, is not sufficient safe- Y guard, because, as we have seen, the credits are printed Vin red with the normal Ytype in use. The printing of the subtriheiid, how ever, in both distinctive type and a distinctive color constitutes a means of quickly determining vwhether or not the subtract key was prop# erly operated before the subtraction wasV at.- tempted. j

Next comes the provision for the detection of the troublesome 0 Lor cipher and the Vdei' termination of whether or not the printing of a cipher between two digits of the subtralieiid or after the last digit of theA subtralieiid did or did not involve an erroneous operation. headV operated by the O key ist of the letter bank is equipped with a shiftingtype head,

such as is shown iii Figure 4, and is equipped with the usual O inrnorinal position and with diai'uond-shaped or other distinctive cipher l5 in abnormal position. This cipher is dis tinct from either the letter O, the normal cipher, or the compleinentfil cipher which is associated'with the'no-rmal 9 digit. Therefore if in printing the subtrahend of a Sub.n

tract-ion, a ciphei` other than the easily distinguiishableY complement-ary cipher appears between two digits, it is at once evident that the computation is erroneous because,when

such other cipher was printed, the complement 9 was not thrown into the computing,l device, since no other key capable of printing a cipher could affectv the con iutingmechanism.V In like manner, the occurrence of diamond-shapedV ciphers after the last digit of the subtrahend is conclusive evidence that the computing mechanism was not affected bythe printing ofthese ciphers as would be the case if the record showed the other form of cipher which it would be possible to print with the sub-key depressech'to wit, the complementary cipher.

The means for auditing the operation of the l key 46 whichV is ordinarily anoiieprint non-feed key for the reasons heretofore discussed, comprehends the provision of a type head operated by thisv key 'anc provided with an underscore 47 preferably in the form of a compound curve, as shown, and arranged, when the key is depressed, toinake an nnpression of the underscore immediately be- Y low the last digit of the subtrahend. This To secure this resuit,the typey sol ics

result is secured by operating the key 46 when the carriage has reached the position to be occupied by the last digit of the subtrahend, but before said last digit is printed. Since this key 46 has no connection with either the ribbon mechanism or the carriage feed mechanis `i, the carriage will not feed forward when the underscore has been printed and the carriage willremain in proper position for the printing of the last digit. No printed impression of the underscore will appear on the top sheet which may be the bill. On the subjacent sheet or sheets, however, including what is known as the proof sheet or the visual audit sheet, a carbon impression of the underscore will clearly appear, so as to reveal w'th certainty the fact that the operator threw in the l at the proper time. The securing of proof of the proper throwing in of the 9s is secured by providing a special 9 key i8 with a type head designed to print a distinctive designation 49 which l have shown as a combined dot and dash so that if the 9s have been properly thrown in, a. continuous dot and dash line will extend to the left of the highest digit of the sul traliend. lf the subtract key has been operated, this indication of the throwing in ofthe 9s will appear in red'. Should it appear in black, the computation will not have been affected, but the black color of these designations will disclose the fact that the subtract key had not been properly depressed for a subtraction opera-tion and will indicate the desirability of carefully checking the reinaining operations.

Another distinctive feature of the present invention which, while not directly contributing to Jdie production of a. visual audit, is of material value in the expeditious and accurate operation of the machine, is a distinctive tabulator key 50 distinguishable from other tabulator keys of the series S''by its contrasting color or the contrasting color of its band, or other part calculated to catch the eye of the operator. This distinctive tabulator key may be located at any point in the series according' to the capacity of the registers employed.

The obj ect is to provide a distinctive tabulator key for operating the before nientioned carriage release mechanism to release the carriage for subsequent arrest by the usual tabulator stops (not shown). This operation. as will be understood, positions the master wheel in any desired predetermined relation to the next register as, for instance, opposite the number wheel of highest order. lnlfigures l() and ll is shown a detail to which attention should be directed, to wit, the character of the connection between the levers of the keys46 and a8, for throwing in the l and the 9s, with the actuating` mechanism. Heretofore, the levers 5l of he actuating mechanism have been capable of operation by non-print keys mounted thereon. These non-print keys have now been entirely eliminated since no operation of the machine without record proof of the operation is now contemplated. To permit the non-print operation, the levers 5l have been heretofore provided with links 52 having pins 53 engage-d by hooks formed on the key levers. By this arrangement, the depression of the key levers would draw down the actuator levers through the instrumentality of the hooks which, however, would permit the links to drop independently of the hooks during the non-print operation. of the non-print operation makes it possible to now establish a positive two-way connection between the key levers and the links. This connection, as shown in the figures mentioned, embodies a U-shaped catch 54 carried by the levers in place of the hooks and engaging the pins 53. It will also be noted that the location of these keys, and particularly the 9 key considerably in advance of the bank of numeral keys where they have been ordinarily located, considerably lengthens the key levers and materially increases the leverage. This is particularly desirable in connection with the throwing in of the 9s as the key touch is rendered extremely light.

As shown in Figure l, the registers which constitute the computing devices of the machine under discussion are not provided with the usual resetting levers, by means of which the number wheels are ordinarilv reset to the zero position. This elimination makes it impossible to change the reading of the register or registers except by manipulation of the keys. rlhe register reading therefore necessaril conforms with the audit obtained from the record sheet indicating thev correct answer, if the audit shows all operations to have been correctly performed, and correspondinely indicating the wrong answer to the extent of any error or errors committed by the operator and likewise disclosed by the record proof.

ln Figures 17 to 2l inclusive are shown some specific improvements in the control mechanism for the crossfooter. This control mechanism is disclosed in my copending application No. iid. rlhe toothed control bar 55 is drawn against the flat ends of the horizontal supporting posts 56 by f 5'4" passed through longitudinal slo the bar and associated with eccentrics 59 lo` cated within elongated seats 60 formed in the front face of the bar 55. rlhe eccentric 59 constitute means for securing slight vertical adjustment of the control bar and also constitute leveling means, since they are capable of independent adjustment. Longitudinal adjustment of the bar 55 is effected by abutment screws 61 passed through lugs 62 on the rear side of the bar and bearing against opposite sides of one of the posts rlhe tot-al elimination 56. Locked nuts 63 serve to loclr the abutment screws securely in adjusted position to rigidly retain the bai'. Horizontal lateral adjustment of the control bar is effected by .meansrof nuts 6a screwed upon thel posts 56 at opposite sides of the supporting bracket 65. The illustrated mounting for the control bar obviously aords every necessary character of adjustment of said bar While insuring its absolutely rigid retentionin any position to which it may have been adjusted. Vlhe control .blocks 66 havotheir loiver endsv 67 split longitudinally to constitute .what is in eill lct a lochV nut vvh'ch may be ,drawn up by the loclzfscrews GS to securely grip and locl a block retaining screW 6,9 which passes through the split portion of the block and engages the incline face 70 at the lower rear corner of the control bar 55.

Another specific improvement resides in an improved connection betweenI the gear shifter 71 ofthe crflissfocterA (see le) and the bell cranlr lever 7 2, which operates the same. y ln place of the slot and pin connection heretofore employed, the upper endr of the bell crank 72 terminates in a circular or Yspherical bearing member 78 located between tivo vertical Walls 7e of the shifter and constitutes what is in effect a' ball bearing betiveen the shifter and lever.

Furthermore, an improved crossfooter indicator (see Fig'. 2) is provided to indicate Whether the crossfooteris set for addition or subtraction. This indicator is iny the operator. lt Will of course be understood'l that'tliese designations are presented alternately in the readiinr position accordinglvas c nja the gear shifter occupies the add or subtract position.

ln Fig. l5 is shown a detailed improve-y ment in the actuating mechanism. This iinpi'ovenient consists in providing two check paivls 79 aud-80, one longeithan the cthcr,`

for coacting respectively with the driving ratchet 8l of the master .viieel and affording a firm full tooth grip at both full and haii' notched positions.

Finally, the adjustment of the gears ofthe crossfooter is facilitated by mounting the actuator driving gear v82 of the crossfooter for slight adjustment on its axis by means of concentric slots 83 Vand adjustment screws Se. rllhe intermediate gears, to Wit, the shift gear 85 and the idle gear 8G are mounted on studs 87 extended from universally adjustable gear carrying plates 88. rllhese plates are retained by screivsSS passed through openings in the plates of sufficient sizeito 'enable the plates when the screws are loosened, to be adjusted in any direction necessary to vthe accurate locatino' vof the wears. The adn Y l D u b Y v justinent is greatly vfacilitated by the provisions of sight holes at appropriate points in both side Walls of the c'rossfooter casing to permit the adjuster to observe the relation of the gears to each other and to adjacent parts Whilev theadjustment is being effected.

lt is thought that from the foregoing, my present invention Will be clearly understood, `but reserve'the vright to effect such modifications and variationsV as may come fairly Within the scope of the protection prayed.

l. ln a. machine of the character described, the combination With an adding mechanism,

Vof recording mechanism including keys operating said mechanisms to record and accumulate the value of a minuendand to record al subtrahend and accumulateV the value of the` complement thereof, said mechanisms including means for eliminating the vexcess value incident to such accumulation vand for recording the fact of such Aelimination, and also including means for accumulating the amount of the deficit incidental toV `the'complement thereof, and a supplemental key operative'to effect accumulation of an unrecorded value in the register and to record the fact of such accumulation in the 'proper denominational position on the record. Y

3. In a recording and adding machine, the

combination WithY a register, of printing mechanism arranged to print a number or -the complement thereof,.ineans'for operating the printing mechanism and the register to print a number and accumulate the value thereof and also to print a number and accumulate the complement thereof, and a plu- ,i'ality of supplemental keys operative to accumulate different unrecorded values in the register 'and to distinctively record the fact of such accumulations in the proper den-ominational positions on the record.

4. In a recording and adding machine, the combination with a register, of printing mechanism arranged to print anumber or the complement thereof, means for operating the printing mechanism and the register to print a number and accumulate the value thereof andalso to print a number and accumulate the complement thereof,and a sup- 'ilo plemental l-lrey operative to accumulate in the register a unit of any desired denominational value and to produce record prooi' of the accumulation of such unilJ of Value.

5. ln a recording and adding machine, the combination with a register, of printing mechanism arranged to print a number or the complement thereof, means tor operating the printing mechanism and the register to print a number and accumulate the value thereof and also to print a number and accumulate the complement thereoi'", and a supplemental l-lrey operative to accumulate in the register a unit of any desired denominational Value and to record a character sign contiguous to but removed from a digit printed in the same denomination al position.

6. In a recording and adding machine, the combination with a register, of printing mechanism arranged to print a number or the complement thereof, means for operating the printing mechanism and the register to print a number andaccumulate the valueA thereof' and also to print a number and accumulate the complement thereof, and a supplemental l-lrey operative to accumulate in Y the register a unit of any desired denominational Value and to underscore a digit printed in the same denominational position.

7. In a recording and adding machine, the combination With a register, ot printing mechanism arranged to print a number or the complement thereof, one digit at a time,

i means for operating the printing mechanism and the register to print a number digit by digit and to simultaneouslyaccumulate and register the Value thereof, and also to print a number and accumulate the complement thereof in the register in like manner, and a supplemental Q-ley operative to accumulate one at a. time in the register, nine unrecorded units of any desired denominational value and to record a character sign in any denominationalposition in Which such accumulation occurs.- f

8( In a recording and aduiug machine, the combination `withv a r ,je ,c voit mechanism arranged to print a the complement thereof, means 'tor cpm the prtA ing ine-iaanisina. d the regis print a number and' accumulate the Value thereoit, a suiipleniental l-lrey operating tl'ie register to acc malate a unit olf' any denominational value, and a supplenr-ntal S-ley operating the iegfster accumulate nine units ot any desir d denominational Yale, and means #Pier recording in corresponding denominational posit-ions indications o't any Vaccuniulations eltl'ected by the oper ion ot the supplemental l; 9. ln a machine ot the character described, the combination with addin mechanism and are operative to ca se the addin minuend and erating the rec-crcL mechanism to p contrasting record of the minne d ,i

ti'ahend and to record sii n characters in the denominational nesitions in which the ad t l L tional and one have been a Values ot nin cumulated.

l0. ln a machine of 'the character nescribed, the combination Witadding mechaif nism, recording mechanism includ series of numeral types ot dillerent cl t-lie record, oi lreys some or" which operate saidy i nechanisms to record aminuend and subtrabenl in different types and in contrasting filers and to accumulate the value ot the .ucnd and the value ot the complement Ae subtrahend, others ot said keys beine' operative one to etect accumulation of the Value ot nine and to record a character in each denominational position to the left of the subtrahend, and another to cili'ect accumulation or" the 'value of one and record a sign character in the denominational position ot the last digit of Value of the subtrahend.

ll. machine ot the character described, including` adding mechanism and recording mechanism operative one to record a ininuend and subtrahend' and the other to accumulate the value of the minuend and the Value oi the complement of the subtrahend, saitL recording mechanism including separate means for recording distinctive ciphers one only of said means serving to cause the accumulation oic a complemental Value.

l2. .ifi machine or" the character described, including adding mechanism and recording mechanism ope ative one to record minuend ti l "t Q 0'? and the other to accumulate ai the minuend and the value oit the 'complethe minuend mand subtrahend a d also including ciphers of ditlereut lfo for use respectively a active and inactirc digits ol the subtrahend.

13. A machine oi the character described, ncluding adding mechanism anL recording nechanism operative one to record minuend ind the other to accumulate the value ot the niinuend and the value of the complement ot he subtrahend, said recording mechanism invluding distinctive types ttor distinctively recording the minuend and subtrahend and also including in addition to the usual letter types, ciphers of different form, one for use i-n an.

. mulating 'of the complements ot the digits recorded Y higher record a signor' the accumulation of the entra tliecoin )lement of a value accumulated during the reco 'ding of the subtrahend and y atter'the last digit of value the otheiL ot the subtraliend 14. Jfiniaclnne ot the character described,

includingl adding mechanism and recording mechanism, said recording mechanism including distinctive type tor recording the minzcnd and subtrahend of a problem in complemental subtraction, distinctive ciphers in the subtrahend, the value ot nine in each denomination oi" higher order tbanthe sub- Y traliend and an additional unit ot' value in the denomination oi the active digit of lowestY order in the subtrahend, Aand recording mechanism 'arrangedV to record the miniiend and subtrahend in characters ot different color and form,v to record active and inactive ciphers of differentform in the subtrahend, to record a sign for each accumulation of order than `the subtrahend and to unit of value. n Y

125. ln a machine of the character deiced, the combination with a key disposed .depression by the imposed finger ot 'an tion and located adjacent to the l-:ey to be released by the linger ofthe operator when lorcated in normal operatino- Josition over theV .i D

lrey.

1'?. ln a machine oi"- the character described, the combination with a depressible key, a hey leverand a Vpin carried by the lever, Y

or" a lrey loch spring-urged in one direction and having a cam enaged bv the nin to move g 2j l .l l

the lock out of the path of the pin duringV the descent oi' the lever, said key lock being eX- tended above the l-cy to be engaged by the end Y oit a tingerin operative position on the ley.

18. ln a machine ot' the character described, the combination with computing device operated for addition and subtraction, of an indicator in the form of a lever mounted over the computing device and carrying at its iront end an indicator plate carrying appropriate designations. Y

19. ln a machineV oi the character described, the combination VWith a Vcomputing device, ot an actuator therefor, operating means for the actuator including a driving direction.

Vranged to draiv up and lock the biturcated Y portion of the block upon the retaining screw. K

of a locking device arranged to automatically lock the key in depressed po adjustable eccentrics carried by the posts, a

control bar carried by the eccentrics, and op-Y posed adjusting screvvs coacting with the posts and control bar to eifect the adjustment of the control bar longitudinally in either 21. rllie combination With a control bar, of a control block mounted thereon and having a biturcated portion, a retaining screw'cari'icd by the biturcated portion of thev block and engaging the bar, and a locking screw arkprint digits one at atime and tosimultan'eonsly accumulate and register in the adding `mechanism the value of the digit printed or the complemental value of the digit printed belongs to one or the other or" the tvvo series,

a tivo-color ribbon arranged tov presenteither n color at the printing point and a single lrey operative to select a particular series oftype `and a particular ribbon color, whereby the inin'uend and subtrahend of a problem in subtraction maybe printedv and registered one digit at a time in distinctive colors and in distinctive type. Y

Q3. ln machine` 'of the vcharacterV described adding mechanism, mechanism lfor manually operating the adding mechanism to add or to subtract by complemental addition, to eliminate the excess'rvalue and accumulatov the ydeticit incident to such subtraction",A and recording mechanism under control of said operating mechanism and including recording devices symbolizing on a record performance ot each of the above recited operations coincidentally With their accomplishment in the adding mechanism.

2&1-, ln a machine of the character dcscribed. adding mechanism, vmechanism `for lmanually operating the adding mechanism to accumulate a. number and to add the comple- Vments ot another number thereto,` recording mechanism under control of the operating mechanism, a id separate means operatively associated with the adding and recording mechanisms for causing theaddition in the adding` mechanism of an unrecorded value of a given denomination and for recording the 

